Cocaine Trafficking Increase: Hot Spots and Prevention
The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) reports a significant rise in global cocaine production and shifting trafficking routes, posing growing risks for commercial vessels. These trends emphasize the importance of vigilance, preventive actions, and the fair treatment of crews involved.
Record Cocaine Production in 2023
The UNODC's latest report indicates that 2023 is likely a record year for the cocaine market worldwide. Production reached an estimated 3,708 tons, about one-third more than the previous year. This increase mainly results from a larger area of illicit coca bush cultivation in Colombia.
In Bolivia, cultivation areas remained stable in 2023, while in Peru, these areas slightly declined.
Trafficking Routes and Seizure Trends
Major cocaine trafficking routes continue from the Andean countries to North America and Europe. Europe receives cocaine either directly or through West and Central Africa, though the latter is less common.
According to UNODC, that cocaine flows to Europe have surged dramatically, as evidenced by rising seizures and wastewater analysis indicating increased cocaine use there, compared to North America.
There is also evidence of recent growth in cocaine trafficking toward Asia, based on seizure data.
Contrasting Trends in Opium and Heroin
Unlike cocaine, production and transportation of Afghan opium and heroin remain at their lowest levels since 2001.
The UNODC states, “Most indicators – those for production, seizures and use – point to 2023 being a record-breaking year for the global cocaine market.”
Author's summary: Increasing cocaine production and shifting trafficking routes in 2023 demand enhanced vigilance and preventive strategies to safeguard commercial shipping and crews globally.